The liquor ratio was 20, and the pH was maintained at 10.5. The excellent quality of these products is due to good qualification of the workforce and the availability of machines that assist the production process. The same trend in the properties of permanganate- and benzoylation-treated bamboo fibre polyester composites was observed [61]. How? Its use varies from domestic household products to industrial applications, from medicine to nutrition and from toys to aircraft production. Some minor applications include the use of its leaves for medical purposes, fresh edible shoots and culms for timber or as a raw material for pulping [8]. In China, it is the valuable raw material for the booming bamboo industry. Bamboo is a lignocellulosic biomass from which some value-added products can be obtained. [63] evaluated the effect of pressing time on physical and mechanical properties of phenolic-impregnated bamboo strips. The shoot also contains saccharine, which can resist little mouse tumour and has anti-ageing elements [20, 80]. [101] found that the use of bamboo (B. vulgaris) of predetermined lengths and diameters as a field drainage material was found effective. Kumar etal. Its natural hollow form makes bamboo an obvious choice for manytraditional instruments such as a wide variety of flutes, but because of the excellent sound properties of solid bamboo panels it is now also used for making modern guitars. Ogunwusi and Onwualu [3] reported that feeding chickens on organic diets containing fresh bamboo leaves lead to 70% weight gain more than those do fed on standard organic diets. with cellulose 47%, hemicelluloses 16% and lignin 18% [35]; bamboo with cellulose 44%, hemicelluloses 30% and lignin 26% [36]; Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescensMazel), with cellulose 46%, hemicelluloses 23% and lignin 26% [37]; bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) with cellulose 41%, hemicelluloses 27% and lignin 27% [38]; Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla), with cellulose 4247%, hemicelluloses 2223% and lignin 2331% [39]; bamboo, with cellulose 38.4%, hemicelluloses 20.5% and lignin 20.8% [40]; Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla), with cellulose 37%, hemicelluloses 22% and lignin 24% [41]; bamboo shoots shell fibre (BSSF), with cellulose 23%, hemicelluloses 14% and lignin 11% and bamboo stem and leaf (BSL), with cellulose 21%, hemicelluloses 12% and lignin 12% [42]. Silane coupling agents have a hydrophilic structure with different groups attached to the silicon atoms that can act as a bridge; one end is interacting with the matrix and the other end reacting with the hydrophilic fibres [64]. Medicine made from the leaves of Pleioblastus amarusis used for treating fever, fidgeting and lungs inflammation [98].

Table 5 shows some typical bamboo species and parts used for this purpose [78]. Traveler | Ex-pat | Failing polymath | Career generalist | Frumpy snarky dude whos interested in far too many topics | PB&T creator | Top 1000 Writer. Bamboo plant is considered medicinal. The total production capacity of bamboo pulp in China reached 2,4 million tons in 2017, of which 80% of the pulp is used for the production of unbleached bamboo pulp for household paper grades. Prior to bamboo utilisation in large scale as an economically viable engineering material, a study on properties and structures must be carried out. It is one of the fastest growing plants [8]. After being washed with hot water, the fibres were treated with 0.04% xylanase and 0.5% DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) at 70C for 60min at a pH of 6.5. Bamboos, in particular, have attracted special attention owing to their awesome properties including and not limited to sustainability, renewability and biodegradability. Industrial application of bamboo is in the areas highlighted below: Bamboo is a good source of food particularly the shoot. Read on and discover some of the coolest bamboo products you probably didn't even know they existed! Bamboo has been used for thousands of years by many cultures around the world. Activated charcoal is used as a deodorant, purifier, disinfectant, medicine, agricultural chemicals and an absorbent of pollution and excessive moisture. Recent studies have shown that bamboo species are also a good source of quality activated carbon, which can find application in medicine, foods, chemical and metallurgical industries. It is an evergreen, monocotyledonous (i.e. Natural plant fibres have unequivocally contributed to economic prosperity and sustainability in our daily lives [1]. Dilute acid pre-treatment of bamboo shoots shell fibre (BSSF) and bamboo stem and leaf (BSL) have been investigated for xylose and glucose yields [42]. In another study, Azzini etal. It is a chemical processing raw cellulose fibre to delignify and to remove the amorphous regions. Today we see a boom of innovative bamboo products and applications as a sustainable alternative for wood. Bamboo is a principal construction material in many countries, particularly in rural areas. After treating for 24h at 50C, the obtained bamboo fibre suspension was cooled then dialysed against distilled water to remove low molecular weight compounds. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. The application of bamboo in many spheres of life as a suitable replacement for woody biomass in some instances provides arrays of opportunities in material industries. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Bamboo can also be pulped with less power and chemicals than wood which makes it more environmental friendly. In addition, the excellent properties of bamboo enhanced via different chemical modification methods to improve their mechanical and thermal makes their fibre to be competitive with other materials used in the reinforcing of different polymers. Licensee IntechOpen. Bamboo charcoal can be used in different industries including chemical, pharmaceutical and energy production industries (Table 5). Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. They contribute about 90% of the total bamboo mass. [64] developed and reported an efficient and eco-friendly technology for the improvement of interfacial adhesion of bamboo fibre-Unsaturated polyester (UPE) composites. Many bamboos are popularly used as ornamental plants to beautify homes and gardens. [96] developed a combined production process for cellulose fibres and ethanol from B. vulgaris, whichgave good results to bamboo use. [67] carried out a comparative study on the effect of alkali soaking, silane coupling agent and maleic anhydride grafting on the mechanical properties of cellulose/poly(l-lactic acid) composites. It is widely distributed in the world with China as the most extensive bamboo-producing country [9], having a global export volume of 57.3% in 2009 [10] as shown in Table 1. It is worthy of note that a bamboo fuelled power station is being built in Mizoram state of India to help meet the energy need of Indias northeast [93]. Some materials extracted from bamboo are used in fresh flavour and preservation of food. Hence, it allows an artist to express his talent in several forms. The silane-treated bamboo fibre-reinforced polylactic acid composite showed excellent mechanical and thermal properties compared with the properties of polylactic acid composite containing delignified BF. He etal. The result revealed that coupling agent enhanced the affinity between fibre and polyvinyl matrix by lowering down the interfacial tension. Bamboo greenhouses are very popular among farming communities in the tropics because a bamboo greenhouse is much more economical to build, operate and maintain compared to conventional steel framed greenhouses. Recently in another study, a solvent (concentrated phosphoric acid) and organic solvent (95% ethanol)-based lignocellulose fractionation (COSLIF) methods have been developed to pre-treat bamboo [34]. Its abundance, chemical composition and numerous applications are reviewed in this work. Many research and technical works have been carried out on the chemical modification of bamboo fibres to improve their properties for specialised applications [43, 44, 45, 46]. Bamboo internodes (the part between 2 nodes) of larger diameter bamboo species such as Guadua angustifolia or Dendrocalamus asper are very well suited to make a bamboo beehive. Others include resins, waxes and inorganic salts. Bamboo is brilliant, just watch the video! At present, the bamboo utilisation in construction is of subjective form and based generally in traditional systems established in each country. It has been recognised as a useful resource for this purpose due to its higher growth rate, annual biomass yield and significant amount of sugars [2, 21]. Usually, there is variation in the chemical composition of bamboo depending on their age. The culm, shoot and leaf of bamboo have been reported to possess anti-oxidation, anti-ageing, antibacterial and antiviral properties. The use of drainage pipes made of various assorted materials is very common in our markets [101]. The fibres obtained were then heated for about 60min at 100C, except using 0.7% NaOH. Activated carbon is employed in the decolourisation of sugar and sweeteners, drinking water treatment, gold recovery, production of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals, catalytic process, off-gas treatment of waste incinerators, automotive vapour filters, colour/odour correction in wines and fruit juices.

Although data on worldwide production of bamboo products are incredibly unreliable, they do not appear in significant commodity databases [8]. This is as a response to the increasing demand for developing materials that are biodegradable, sustainable and recyclable [15]. Ethiopia has over 1 million ha of highland and lowland bamboo resources, which is about 86% of the African bamboo resource that serves as a subsistence material for rural communities [18, 19]. Such rayon is made by dissolving the cellulose in the bamboo, and then extruding it to form fibers. Bamboo polo balls where made and used during most of the 20th century, as they were stronger than wooden balls. Laminated bamboo furniture is on the rise rapidly in the world especially Asia. Irrigation and drainage pipes, flooring & floor covering, lamination of strip (plywood), decking, bamboo scaffolding and cladding, engineered bamboo flooring products, high-density beams and panels, composite board, particle board, bamboo prefabricated house. Many researchers have worked on the physical, mechanical and thermal behaviour (weathering behaviour, % water uptake, % thickness swelling and thermal stability), morphology properties and impact test of bamboo fibres reinforced novolac resin composites prepared using mercerised bamboo fibres. These materials are very expensive, not readily available, require a high degree of maintenance and pollute water, which they convey due to the pipes constituents. Figures of nutrient contents of Bambusa vulgarisshow it to contain crude protein (10.1g), crude fibre (21.7g), ether extract (2.5g), ash (21.3g), phosphorous (86mg), iron (13.4mg), vitamin B1 (0.1mg), vitamins B2 (2.54mg) and carotene (12.3mg)/100g). Many Filipinos use this bamboo to make "Kerosene Bamboo Cannons", which they use as an alternative to firecrackers, during Christmas and the New Year. Apart from the above, several other applications exist, though on a relatively small scale. Besides, it is recognised as an industrial raw material globally and has tremendous potentials for economic development of nations [75]. A recently reported work reported an improved interfacial strength between poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and bamboo flour in PVC/bamboo flour composites using novel coupling agents [73]. Our team is growing all the time, so were always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. Similarly, Kumar and Kumar [50] in their work confirmed that the alkali and silane treatments with nano-clay filler improved the dielectric and mechanical properties of bamboo-epoxy composites.