Fieldstone is typically used in the form in which it is unearthed and can be employed in the landscape to: Fieldstone create a naturalistic, rugged surface characterized by random sizes, nonuniform shapes, bumpy surface texture, and deformities. These uses are frequently desirable where people spend time sitting and socializing in the outdoors, such as in the outdoor entry foyer, the outdoor living and entertaining space, or other sitting and gathering spaces. c. What are the setback requirements for structures?

It is easier for people to talk to each other when they face each other (the right side of Figure 811). This will help with additional light in the garage as well as help break up the larger wall into smaller lengths. Unlike typical plant removal or grubbing, all parts of invasive plants including their root systems should be cleared away. How should a designer interpret these types of subjective statements? The specific type of arrow drawn can suggest, among other qualities, the intensity and character of the circulation. This can occur during the same site visit for taking measurements or later once the base map has been completed. As previously discussed, a wall or fence can be designed to direct the wind in different ways around and through an outdoor space. The sitting areas are in the open for those clients who want more sun than shade. (Right) The bright yellow tinted plants have a sharp contrast with the violet and light green swirled ground cover. Lawn areas on the residential site should therefore be considered carefully because of their demand for water and their other ecological deficiencies.

The Duncans needs seemed to suggest the possibility of a challenging design project, and so Mr. Kent requested to meet with them at their house. Figure 312 Vertical angle of the sun above the horizon at noon in the winter and summer. 403 404 section two design process Figure 1228 Permeable concrete pavement with gravel-filled spaces.

to furnish a textural contrast with smooth or precisely edged pavement materials (Figure 123). Outdoor rooms with such proportions are like hallways in a building and suggest movement because of their long, narrow quality (Figure 89). Overhead planes may be completely open where maximum skylight is desired or completely solid where little or no light is needed. The form composition can be thought of as a careful and coordinated marriage of the lines of force and the functional diagram. As designers make decisions to explore alternatives at various stages of the design process, these efforts will undoubtedly serve to enhance their abilities to create unique, exciting, and personal spaces for clients. For example, it is suggested that the following be considered for the front yard: 1. Walled/Fenced Backyards. Sheet Size The selection of sheet size for the base sheet and base map depends on a number of factors including size of the lot, the scale at which it is drawn, available sizes of vellum and Mylar, and standard copy paper sizes. form composition Figure 1012 Developing an octagon within a circle. The sitting space is placed adjacent to, but separate from, the entrance walk so circulation will not disturb or divide the space. We dont want them removed, as they seem to help create a pleasant setting for the house. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. Steps are also a common necessity on sloped sites to provide access between nearby spaces. Visual. How much water is used and where on the residential site should also be determined by the regions climate. LEARNING ABOUT THE DESIGNER There are many possible ways clients and designers initially meet. Increase Perception of Spatial Size Every effort should be made to increase the perceived size of the townhouse garden site. This chapter discusses what outdoor space is, how it is created, and how it is used. It is essential that the images or photographs in advertisements be engaging because they are apt to be the first thing seen and because they can potentially convey the feeling and style of the designers work. Family Characteristics. 1. In any case, the coloring of this plan will likely pay more attention to some of the additional detail drawn. Plantings near the house walls can be easily located with the baseline or direct measuring system, whereas shrubs located elsewhere on the site can be positioned with triangulation. It exists as a work or hobby space for raising fruits, vegetables, and perennial flower beds. spatial composition chapter eleven 323 Figure 115 Minimum and maximum slopes for lawns. As with maintenance, evaluation of a design project should be a continual effort. Figure 28 Overhead planes can create attractive shadow patterns. The designer uses this process from the beginning to the end of a design project as an organizational framework. the typical residential site Figure 12 Many front yards lack defined edges. Spatial composition is discussed more in Chapter 11. establish a contrast in shape and character with uniform, fabricated pavements such as concrete (Figure 1213). Another plant material that must be thought about in terms of water usage is the lawn. After having prepared the design program, the designer should review it with the clients to make sure that it meets their approval. Other shapes, such as octagons, and colors are also available. In essence, the design process is a methodology that helps the designer advance from broad intentions to specific design proposals. 4. A region that itself has a limited range of plants Use a Variety of Plant Types Figure 1169 An example of a chart that identifies the appearance of plants in a design throughout the year. The reason there were more design decisions shown in the examples (patterns, plant materials, etc.) Here, the added fertilizer causes algae and other aquatic plants to dramatically grow, ultimately reducing the available oxygen for fish and other marine life. Other maintenance practices that conserve water include putting mulch on planting beds where there is exposed soil. The designer should periodically visit the project to make sure it is being suitably maintained. Finally, the designer needs to discuss both the clients budget and design fees for the project. Exposed aggregate concrete, brick, stone, or other rough pavement materials should have a minimum slope of 1.5 percent (a 11/2-foot vertical change for every 100 horizontal feet). 282 001754 130 Some GIS systems allow the viewer to add or subtract various site features such as contour lines, flood plains, and utilities as well as view the site as an aerial photo. of the ground, or plant materials either individually or in combination with each other. It is sometimes difficult to comprehend the size of scaled spaces when they are described only with numbers. This particular design program resulted from meeting and talking with the Duncan family and from the conclusions of the site analysis of the Duncan residence presented in the previous section of this chapter. Heat is likewise transferred inward to interior spaces from exposed building surfaces.

The ornamental trees on the north property line provide focal points to view from the house and the outside eating and living areas. In this phase, the designer studies and prepares the actual design solution based on the client interview, site analysis, and program. Sitting can occur in two areas, with the western one receiving more sunlight. These low vertical planes will also provide a sense of enclosure so a person will feel as if he or she is walking through a space rather than through an undefined open area. extend parallel to or at an angle to the sides of a rectangular area (Figure 1237). 6. I like this, she likes that, and he likes the other thing. Using some or all of these means for designing with wind will ultimately benefit the quality of a residential site design and its associated enjoyment of use by the homeowners. Figure 1064 shows the first example. Still others may have character taken from different styles. Fieldstone may be angular or somewhat rounded depending on its geological source. site measuring and base map preparation chapter six 171 As measurements are taken, record them on the sketch of the lot. In addition, walls and fences can be used for several other purposes: (1) architectural extension of the house, (2) background to other elements, (3) unifier, and (4) visual interest of form and pattern. Steps should not be designed as an afterthought to other aspects of the design and made to appear as an add-on (see the top portion of Figure 117). As with all plants, caution should be exercised in selecting plants for a quality that only lasts several weeks.

Sustainable design is integrated into the 58 section one philosophical framework landscape with minimal impact on the land while supporting the health of all living organisms on the site. material composition and master plan Figure 1217 Assorted examples of riverstone. He thanked the Duncans for the opportunity to meet with them and expressed hope that he would be able to provide them with design services. The following paragraphs outline a palette of common materials used on the residential site for these structures. Unit Materials Unit materials are found or manufactured in fixed sizes and shapes, such as stone, brick, tile, concrete pavers, and wood.

What a person sees or doesnt see from a space or a particular point within a space is important to the overall organization and experience of a design.

A regular stone pattern with a brick edge can help call attention to the space.

Plenty of space is provided for three cars to park in front of the garage. DESIGN PROGRAM The design program is a written list or outline of all the elements, spaces, and requirements that should be incorporated into the design solution and is the final step in the research and preparation phase of the design process. By positioning a large tree with a substantial crown of foliage in a strategic location, the view to the neighbors house can be greatly diminished. Proposed (Figure 1439, right) Meleca Master Plan (Figure 1440) The master plan consists of 10 specific areas that were developed based on the design sketches previously presented in this case study.

The middle layer is the vertical plane of planting design and is established by both shrubs and tree trunks. In this area, it can be readily seen whether or not the edge of a form in the site aligns with the corner of the house or edge of a door. Examples of L-shaped spaces might include a major entertaining space with a small seating area to the side (left side of Figure 816), or a wood deck with an eating area and an observation area adjacent to it (right side of Figure 816). Visual Interest Figure 1185 Walls and fences can serve as a neutral background to accent features while also screening out distracting sights. Questionnaire 143 144 section two design process Review of Pictures One additional means for gaining critical information from clients is to review photographs or pictures of their favorite completed landscapes. As discussed previously in Chapter 1, the outdoor arrival and entry space on the typical residential site lacks identity and character. Additional plants can be positioned to help block the views of adjacent as well as distant house faades to keep views focused within the garden. 7.

Existing vegetation that is to remain D. All elements of the design drawn and illustrated with the proper symbols and textures, including the following: 1. Owing to its importance in systematizing a designers thoughts and methods, it is essential that the inexperienced designer proceed thoughtfully through all the necessary steps. The design principles are extremely useful for beginning designers because they aid in making decisions about selection and composition of forms and materials. Deciduous trees should be widely spaced on the southern side of the house so that as much sun exposure as possible is gained. Because side yards tend to be out of the main areas of activity as well as primary lines of sight, they often tend to be used for storing visually objectionable equipment and materials. The designer should go to this meeting with a clear agenda of items that must be covered. This is because their efforts directly affect the size, shape, and health of plant materials; the alignment of bed lines; and the material and color of replaced structural elements, as well as the general appearance and cleanliness of a design over a period of years. Highly manicured foundation planting, overgrown plant material, inadequately sized driveways, poorly conceived approach walks and entrances, and shapeless lawn areas are just a few common problems. Most of them are quite plain; each has a simple concrete patio, a small tree, and a grouping of several shrubs. In the second situation, where the house is located on level ground, the surface must be regraded to slope gradually away from the house. case studies in alternative design solutions chapter fourteen Figure 1429 Meleca residence front entry terrace. The designer should respond to the potential clients questions in a manner that is informative and reassuring. Healthy materials are safe to produce, harmless to install, and benign to live with over an extended period of years. Although alternatives are beneficial, it is important to keep the color rendering simple, loose, and quick. A circular design theme is used, with the interior sitting area being the center of the design. Another form of inquiry is a written questionnaire. A designer should never just create a space or become overly enamored with its shape without an idea of how the space will actually function. We have discovered numerous concepts and techniques that are felt to be essential in teaching and learning residential site design. Pavement or hardscape materials are categorized according to their physical characteristics as (1) loose materials, (2) unit materials, and (3) adhesive materials. In addition, this convention requires topsoil to be removed from another site, thus contributing to its degradation. The rectangular theme is very appropriate to use when developing exterior spaces as extensions of indoor living spaces. 3. When a designer decides to add color to such a plan, it is important to follow a simple yet important guideline: Use a soft touch as you apply thin and transparent layers of color so as not to lose the graphic character of the existing landscape symbols. Additional suggestions for planting design are given in Chapter 11. They enjoy having neighbors over to visit, eat, and play card games. The color is usually black, although it can be purchased in dark browns, a range of brick reds, or other colors depending on the manufacturer. Views to the houses will be eliminated from this view, but will be more evident as one travels through the garden. A. The second reason is that the base map and base sheet may not be created until several days or even weeks after measuring the site. Figure 643 White space is useful for placement of notes and legends. Of course, this would not be appropriate. Shade trees provide sun protection by several means. Six specific components of a square are important to form composition: (1) sides, (2) extended sides, (3) axes, (4) extended axes, (5) diagonals, and (6) extended diagonals (Figure 1016).

And in still other places, the designer may find a better solution than was originally developed. If the clients agree with the proposal, they sign and return it to the designer. This technique is often used for coloring in large areas such as expansive lawn or a pond of water. A Web site is in essence a digital version of a brochure, although it has the added advantage of being interactive and available at any time. Crushed glass can similarly be used in exposed aggregate concrete to provide an attractive color and reflective quality to the concrete surface.

The clients make this inquiry to get more information, to have initial questions answered, and to schedule an appointment for a more serious discussion about retaining the designer or firm to develop a master plan for their site. Each step should be very briefly described in clear, common language that can be understood by anyone. Boulders Boulders are a generally rounded stone that is found unquarried along water bodies or in regions of rocky terrain (Figure 1260). Such a design is described as being uncoordinated, chaotic, and visually disturbing. Consequently, the Figure 932 Alternation can be used to establish visual rhythm in different design elements. chapter eleven 369 370 section two design process Figure 1182 An example of a free-standing fence and wall. Angle the pencil more and press harder to draw medium lines. Both its massiveness and its architectural character are like visual magnets. There are three techniques for measuring distances on a site: (1) direct measuring, (2) baseline measuring, and (3) triangulation. Accomplished design should also be considerate of the larger environmental issues affecting the region, country, and world. MAINTENANCE In a way, the implementation of a design is just the beginning of its life and usefulness. 1. 2. functional diagrams Figure 83 The designer should explore alternative functional relationships among the spaces. Brick has been used as a pavement material for centuries and is commonly known for its standardized 21/4 4 8 size. Entry Foyer Lacks Enclosure.