Tokyo set up an ostensibly independent republic, which was opposed by underground and guerrilla activity that eventually reached large-scale proportions. The second period of United States rule—from 1936 to 1946—was characterized by the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines and occupation by Japan during World War II. Spanish colonialism in The Philippines Portugese explorer Ferdinand Magellan successfully led the European expedition to Philippines in the service of the King of Spain. They were armed with the knowledge of Koch's and others' discoveries, of the processes of taming the … American Colonization of the Philippines The Spanish-American war which started in Cuba, changed the history of the Philippines. However, American colonization of the region, while pledged to be altruistic, proved to support a hidden agenda of gaining an Asian territory of military and social importance, similar in the imperialistic tradition of major European countries. FEATURES OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE UNDER AMERICAN REGIME Commonwealth President Osmeña, however, countered that each case should be tried on its own merits. Quezon later died in exile in 1944 and was succeeded by Vice President Sergio Osmeña. The Nacionalista Party was formed in 1907 and dominated Filipino politics until after World War II. During the American era, the rights of each Filipino were protected. Now, the relation between Americans and Filipinos are very friendly and warm. 36 American surgeons and sanitation personnel, then, had just witnessed the glimmer of victory over disease in their own country when they confronted the cholera in the Philippines. A major development emerging in the post-World War I period was resistance to elite control of the land by tenant farmers, who were supported by the Socialist Party and the Communist Party of the Philippines. Philippines - Philippines - The period of U.S. influence: The juxtaposition of U.S. democracy and imperial rule over a subject people was sufficiently jarring to most Americans that, from the beginning, the training of Filipinos for self-government and ultimate independence—the Malolos Republic was conveniently ignored—was an essential rationalization for U.S. hegemony in the islands. Abstract. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. It was one thing to capture the islands, but another thing entirely to set up a working administration. The country’s first constitution was framed in 1934 and overwhelmingly approved by plebiscite in 1935, and Manuel Quezon was elected president of the commonwealth. A major element of the resistance in the Central Luzon area was furnished by the Huks (short for Hukbalahap, or People’s Anti-Japanese Army). World War II was demoralizing for the Philippines, and the islands suffered from rampant inflation and shortages of food and other goods. 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